How you're still tracked in Incognito mode

It is a common misconception that by using incognito mode, you are hiding your browsing activity from the outside world while in reality you are only hiding it from yourself and no one else.  It's like closing your eyes and expecting the world can't see you.

What does incognito mode do then?

When you are browsing Google (or internet in general) in incognito mode, you are simply instructing your browser not to store any data related to your browsing activity in your local storage after the browsing session is over.  This data includes any browsing history, cookies, form auto-fills, passwords etc. Incognito mode also starts a new session, which keeps you logged out from all the accounts you're signed in, and prevents the browsing data to be linked to your accounts.  That’s it. That’s pretty much all that incognito mode does.

Pretty simple right?

Mark the words that you are only instructing your browser and not Google or Safari or Mozilla.  They still have every right to store your browsing data in their systems.

How will it track me later when I'm not storing any cookies in my system and I'm not logged in to my Google account?

Through your IP address.  Incognito mode doesn't hide your IP address from Google.

How can I hide my IP address from Google?

Using Virtual Private Networks (VPN) is the easiest way to hide your IP address but most of the VPN services aren't free.  That's because maintaining VPN servers is an expensive job but they are a worthwhile investment.

Isn't there any easier and cheaper way?

There are several including DuckDuckGo, Search Encrypt, Qwant or BitClave.